Compare Data Across Countries
This section helps users to explore the data from the diagnostic survey filed by the head of ACAs. It provides a cross country analysis of the following variables:
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| Country | The Name of Agency | Language | What are the main anticorruption laws of your country? | Any Donor Involvement? | Are employees protected by law from recrimination or other negative consequences when reporting corruption (whistle-blowing)? | Does your agency have budgetary autonomy? | Does your agency measure performance? | Does your agency publish an annual report of activities? | Does your country have a financial disclosure system to help prevent conflicts of interest? | Does your country have conflict of interest legislation? | Does your country have freedom of information legislation? | Does your government have a single or primary anticorruption strategy? | Is there any term limit for the head of the ACA? | Is there one agency in charge of coordinating AC efforts across agencies? | Number of cases handled annually (if applicable) | Number of investigators (if applicable) | Number of prosecutors (if applicable) | Please enter current size of permanent staff | What are the main functions and operations of your agency? | What is the annual budget of your agency? | Who appoints the head of your agency? | Who has the authority to remove the head of the ACA? |
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| Afghanistan | Independent Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Committee | Pashto , Dari |
The Anti-Corruption Law, Annex 4 to the Penal Code, The Criminal Procedure Code, The Law on the and Campaign Against Major Crimes. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Yes, the primary anti-corruption strategy is the National Anti-corruption Strategy (aka Azimi report) drafted in 2008. There is also an anti-corruption cross-cutting strategy within the Afghan National Development Strategy (ANDS) also published in 2008. |
Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | 24 | Policy | US $ 2.1 Million | The Committee Members appoint the Chair and the Members themselves are nominated by the international community and approved by the President. The Secretariat Executive Director is appointed by the Committee. | The President. | |
| Argentina | Oficina Anticorrupción | Spanish |
Ley 25.188 (Ley de Ética en el ejercicio de la Función Pública) , Decreto 41/99 (Código de Ética de la Función Pública), Decreto 102-99 (Of. Anticorrupción. Estructura, competencia y funciones), Ley 24.759 (Convención OEA), Ley 25.319 (Convención OCDE) y Ley 26.097 (Convención ONU). |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a single anti-corruption strategy. |
No | No | Handled 844 activities related to corruption. | 33 (prosecutors / investigators) | 33 (prosecutors / investigators) | 100 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 4.1 Million | The President | The President |
| Austria | Federal Bureau of Anti-Corruption(within the Federal Ministry of the Interior) | Croatian , German , Hungarian , Slovenian |
Austrian penal code: §168 b (Restrictive bid-rigging at award procedures), § 302 (Abuse of official authority), §§ 304-307b (Bribery offences), § 308 (Illicit intervention) and § 309 (Acceptance of gifts by and bribery of employees or agents). |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Currently, a primary anticorruption strategy is being developed by the Ministry of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Anti-Corruption. |
Yes | No | 1435 | 63 | 107 | Prevention, Investigation | N/A, currently adjustments on the federal budget account are being made. | The Federal Minister of the Interior appoints the head of our agency after consultation amongst the presidents of the Constitutional Court, the Administrative Court and the Supreme Court of Justice. | Federal Minister of the Interior. | |
| Australia | The state of Western Australia | English |
CCC is a state-based jurisdiction. There are 6 states in Australia. Most have anti-corruption bodies. Some have more than one. CCC has investigative and corruption prevention mandates. Investigative mandate includes a variety of coercive powers, including to compel witnesses to publicly examine witnesses, to compel witnesses to give evidence on oath, to compel people and organisations to produce documents, to search premises; and a variety of covert powers, including to intercept telecommunications and conduct integrity tests. |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Yes |
Yes | No | 80 | 154 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Forensic | 30.2 million (2011) | Committee of the Parliament | Governor on address from both houses of parliament | ||
| Barbados | Department of Public Prosecutions | English |
Prevention of Corruption Act Chapter 144 and Prevention of Corruption Act, 2010. |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
There is currently a primary Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
No | No | 200 | N/A | 10 | 10 | Prosecution | (US) $1 Million | Judicial and Legal Services commission | High Court |
| Bangladesh | Ministry of Public Administration | Bengali |
Anti-Corruption Act, Panel code, Conduct Rule of Civil Servants and Discipline and Appeal rules. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 400 | 300 | 150 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Policy | President of the Country | Judiciary Commission | ||
| Burkina Faso | Autorité Supérieure de Contrôle d’Etat / High Authority of State Oversight | French |
National Policy against Corruption (May 2006), Penal Code (Loawn° 043/96/ADP dated from 13 November 1996), Law n° 032/2007/AN dated from 29 November 2007 creating and defining attributions and management of the Autorité supérieure de contrôle d’Etat. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Yes, National Policy against Corruption (May 2006). |
No | Yes | 14 cases since the beginning | 23 | 23 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Accounting | US$ 2.083 Million | By the Council of Ministries based on recommendation from the Prime Minister. | By the Council of Ministries based on recommendation from the Prime Minister. | |
| Brazil | Office of the Comptroller General | Portuguese |
Federal Constitution of 1988 (provisions on: internal control bodies; public procurement; recruitment of public officials; impropriety offence; and responsibility crimes of the President of the Republic); Penal Code (Decree-Law n. 2.848, of December 7th 1940): bribery of domestic public officials; bribery of foreign public officials; traffic of influence in international business transactions; fraud; embezzlement; misappropriation of public funds; and other offences; Responsibility crimes procedural law (Law 1,079/1950); Law on the Liability of Mayors and City Council Members (Decree-Law 201/1967); Official Misconduct Law (Law 8.429/92); Brazilian Court of Accounts Law (8.443/1992); Public Procurement Law (8.666/93); Attorney General Office’s Organic Law (Complementary Law 73/93); Public Prosecutor’s Office Organic Law (Complementary Law 75/1993); Law on the obligation to report assets and income in the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary (Law 8,730/1993); Violations against the economic order (Law 8.884/94); Law on prevention and repression of criminal organizations’ activities (law 9,034/1995); Phone communication interception law (Law 9,074/1995); Public service corporations regulation Law (Law 8,987/1995); Money Laundering (Law 9.613/98); Administrative procedure for the Federal Public Administration (Law 9,784/1999); Victims and Witnesses Protection Federal Program Law (Law 9,807/1999); Fiscal Responsibility Law (Complementary Law 101/2000); Crimes against Public Finances (Law 10,028/2000); Executive Branch Internal Control Law (Law 10.180/2001); Law on the secrecy of Financial Institutions operations (Law 105/2001); E-procurement system Law (Law 10,520/2002); Brazilian Office of the Comptroller General Law (Law 10.683/2003); Regulation on Politically Exposed Persons (Circular 3,339/2006 of the Central Bank); Fund Transfers Regulation (Decree n. 6170/2007); High-level Officials Code of Conduct; Public Officials Ethics Code (Decree n. 4.061); Full Transparency Law (Complementary Law n. 131/2010) and Access to Information Law (Law n. 12,527 of November 18th 2011). |
No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a National Strategy Against Corruption and Money Laundering (Estratégia Nacional de Combate à Corrupção e à Lavagem de Dinheiro - ENCCLA). |
No | Yes | In 2011, the following investigations were carried out: 10.524 investigative audit actions; 74 assets and financial investigation of public officials; and 12 procedures related to administrative liability of legal persons in their relations with the Federal Public Administration. Plus, CGU monitored 1.788 investigations carried out by federal ministries and agencies (as the central body for disciplinary actions in the federal Executive Branch). | 100 -- Administrative, audits and disciplinary cases. | N/A | 2 280 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting, Policy | US$ 37.2 Million | The head of the Brazilian Office of the Comptroller General is a Minister of State, appointed by the President of the Republic. | The President of the Republic. |
| Bhutan | Anti-corruption Commission | Bhutanese |
Anti-Corruption Act (ACA) of Bhutan 2011, Constitution of Bhutan, Asset Declaration (AD) rule 2011, Debarment rule 2012 (draft), Gift rule 2012 (draft), Civil and Criminal Court Procedure (CCPC) 2001, Penal Code of Bhutan 2004 and Audit Act of Bhutan 2006. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Yes. The National Anti-corruption Strategy Framework (available at http://www.acc.org.bt/pdf/nacs.pdf). |
Yes | No | 20 cases | 28 | N/A | 68 | Prevention, Investigation, Forensic | US$ 1.43 million | Nominated by the Speaker of National Assembly, Prime Minister, Opposition Leader, Chief Justice and Chairperson of National Council. Appointed by His Majesty the King of Bhutan. | Head of the ACA can be removed through the impeachment (bill). |
| Botswana | Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime | English , Setswana |
Corruption and Economic Crime Act 1994, Proceed of serious Crimes Act 2000, Financial Intelligence Act 2009 and Penal Code. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
National Anti Corruption Strategy exists on the investigative, Preventive and Education effort. |
No | No | 671 | 120 | 3 | 200 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US $ 6.3 Million | The President in consultation with the leader of opposition. | The President. |
| Cameroon | National Anti-Corruption Commission | French |
UNCAC, Public Contracts Code, Investment Code, the Penal Code and Article 66 of the 1996 Constitution of Cameroon. |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
National Anti-Corruption Commission in collaboration with civil society organisations and the government officials drafted a national strategy against corruption which was adopted in February 2011. |
Yes | Yes | 900 | 10 | 40 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Forensic, Accounting | US$ 4 Million | The President of the Republic. | The President of the Republic. | |
| Costa Rica | General Attorney's Office Of The Republic | Spanish |
Ratificación de la Convención Interamericana contra la Corrupción, law number 7670. Creación de la Fiscalía Penal de Hacienda y de la función Pública, Law number 8221. Creación de la Procuraduría de la Ética Pública, Law number 8242. Ley contra la Corrupción y el Enriquecimiento Ilícito en la Función Pública, law number 8422. Ratificación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra la Corrupción, law number 8557. Ley contra la Delincuencia Organizada, Law number 8754 and Código Penal, Law number 4573. |
No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. The anti-corruption strategy is integrated with the National Plan of Development. |
No | No | 140 administrative investigations and 1119 judicial processes | 7 | 5 | 15 | Research, Prevention, Investigation | The Annual Budget for the General Attorney’s Office of is: US$ 15.1 Million. The Public Ethics Area doesn’t have its own individual annual budget . | Dirección General de Servicio Civil. | The Justice Minister. |
| Czech Republic | Police of the Czech Republic Unit Combating Corruption and Financial Crimes | Czech |
United Nations Convention against Corruption |
No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy—the Government strategy in the fight against corruption 2006-2011. |
No | Yes | Approximately 300 | Not applicable | 350 | Research, Investigation | There is no separate budget | Chief of Police Presidium | Chief of Police Presidium | |
| Estonia | The Prosecutor`s Office | English , Estonian |
The Anti-corruption Act and the Penal Code. |
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Estonian government has the Anti-Corruption Strategy 2008-2012, which is the sequel for the Anti Corruption Strategy “Honest State 2004-2007”. |
Yes | Yes | 28,159 individuals processed | 0 | 190 | 279 | Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 11.5 million | The government appoints general prosecutor on the proposal of the Minister of Justice. | The Minister of Justice or the government on the proposal of the Minister of Justice. |
| Spain | Oficina Antifrau de Catalunya/ Anti-Fraud Office of Catalonia | Spanish |
In Spain and in the autonomous community of Catalonia the following laws and regulations are the main anti-corruption laws:
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No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
There is no specific package of measures to fight against corruption that has been approved. |
Yes | No | Until 31st sept. 2009: 45 and 2010: 146; 2011:95 | 9 (not taking into account the Analysis Department where there are 11 members of the staff). | 48 | Prevention, Investigation | US$ 6.84 Million | The director of the Anti-Fraud Office is appointed by the president of Parliament and must take possession of the post within a period of one month from the date of publication of the appointment in the Diari Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya (official gazette of the government of Catalonia). | The dismissal of the director of the Anti-Fraud Office must be proposed by the pertinent parliamentary committee (Committee of Institutional Affairs); the director has the right to attend the committee meeting and to speak. The decision must be agreed by the Plenary Session of Parliament by three-fifths majority. If the required majority is not achieved a second vote must be carried out at the same Plenary session, and the dismissal will then require a favourable vote of the absolute majority of the members of the chamber. In all other cases, dismissal is decided by the president of the Parliament. | |
| Ethiopia | Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission of Ethiopia | Amharic , English |
The Criminal Code Proclamation No. 414/2004; The Criminal Procedure Code 1961;The Revised Federal Ethics and Anti-corruption Commission Establishment Proclamation No. 433/2005; The Revised Anti-corruption Special Procedure and Rules of Evidence Proclamation No. 434/2005; Assets Disclosure and Registration Proclamation No. 668/2010; Protection of Witnesses and Whistleblowers of Criminal Offences Proclamation No. 699/2011; Prevention and Suppression of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Proclamation No. 657/2009; The African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption Ratification Proclamation No. 545/2007; The United Nations Convention Against Corruption Ratification Proclamation No. 544/2007; IGAD Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ratification Proclamation No. 732/2012; Regional Ethics and Anti-corruption Commission Establishment Proclamations ( 8 of the nine regions have such laws); Office of the Federal Auditor General Establishment (as amended) Proclamation No. 669/2010; Federal Courts Advocates’ Licensing and Registration Proclamation No. 733/2012; Customs Proclamation No. 622/2009; Licensing and Supervision of Banking Business (Ethiopian National Bank Directive No. SBB/46/2010 Customer Due Diligence of Banks) and Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 691/2010. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
There is a five-year anti-corruption strategy plan. |
Yes | Yes | Annually, 3,403 corruption cases reported, 922 files investigated and 809 cases handled in court. | 32 (17 of them are support staff) | 32 | 308 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US$ 2 million | The House of Peoples’ Representatives appoints the Commissioner of the Commission upon nomination by the Prime Minister. | The Commissioner or the Deputy Commissioner may not be removed except on his will unless a) he has violated the provisions of the relevant code of conduct; b) he has shown manifest incompetence and inefficiency c) he can no longer carry out his responsibilities on account of mental or physical illness. |
| United Kingdom | City of London Police Overseas Anticorruption Unit | English |
Bribery Act 2010, Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and as amended by the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. Most local government authorities in the UK have put in place anti-fraud and anti-corruption strategies. For example, please refer to the following link: Exeter City Council |
No | Yes | Approximately 25 | 8 | N/A | 12 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 1.82 Million | Police Authority | |
| Guatemala | Transparency and Fighting Corruption Commission of the Guatemala Vice-presidency | Spanish |
Politic Constitution of the Guatemalan Republic, Access to the Public Information Law, Law against Money Laundry and other Assets, Penal Code, Law against Financial Terrorism, Law against Transnational Bribe and Probity Law. |
Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy and it is called Strategic Plan of the Transparency and Fighting Corruption Commission 2010 – 2012. |
Yes | Yes | N/A | N/A | 7 | Prevention | The President | The President | ||
| HK | Independent Commission Against Corruption | English |
In Hong Kong, the main anti-corruption law is the Prevention of Bribery Ordinance (POBO), which governs corruption in both the public and private sectors. Law enforcement powers, including the power of arrest, detention, search and seizure, are vested in the ICAC Ordinance. Apart from the POBO, the ICAC also enforces the Elections (Corruption and Illegal Conduct) Ordinance, which deals with corrupt and illegal conduct in various public elections, including the Chief Executive, the Legislative Council and District Councils. |
No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
The Hong Kong Government set up the ICAC in 1974. The ICAC is a dedicated anti-corruption agency, which is directly accountable to the head of the government, i.e. Chief Executive. Since its inception, the ICAC adopts a three-pronged strategy of effective law enforcement, prevention and education to fight corruption, respectively undertaken by the Operations Department, Corruption Prevention Department and Community Relations Department. |
No | Yes | 4,010 corruption complaints and 608 election-related complaints received in 2011. (Note: They are corruption complaints which require investigation to ascertain if the allegations are substantiated.) | Out of the above 1,300 staff, more than 900 are under the Operations Department. | In Hong Kong, the prosecution is the responsibility of a separate department - Department of Justice. | 1 300 | Prevention, Investigation | US $ 112 million | Article 48(5) of the Basic Law empowers the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to nominate and report to the Central People’s Government for appointment of the ICAC Commissioner. | According to Article 48(5) of the Basic Law, the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is empowered to recommend to the Central People’s Government the removal of the ICAC Commissioner. |
| Croatia | State Attorney’s Office, the Office for the Suppression of Corruption and Organized Crime | Croatian |
Criminal Code; Criminal Procedure Act; Act on the Office for the Suppression of Corruption and Organized Crime; Act on Confiscation of Pecuniary Gain acquired by Criminal or Misdemeanor offence ; Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest in the Exercise of Public Office; Act on the Right of Access to Information; Act on Financing of Political parties and independent candidates and Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Act |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is the Anti-Corruption Strategy issued by the Croatian Parliament. |
No | Yes | Head of USKOK and 30 Deputy Heads | 57 | Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 3.76 Million | State Attorney General with the prior opinion of the minister responsible for judicial affairs and the opinion of the collegiate body of the State Attorney’s Office of the Republic of Croatia. | State Attorney’s Council upon the proposal of the State Attorney General and with the prior opinion of the collegiate body of the State Attorney’s Office of the Republic of Croatia. | ||
| Haiti | Anti-Corruption Unit | French |
The Haitian Constitution (illicit enrichment), Interamerican Convention Against Corruption, UN Convention Against Corruption, Penal Code, and Financial Disclosure of Assets Law (02 / 12 / 08). |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy. |
No | No | 24 | 20 | 41 | Research, Prevention, Investigation | US $ 1,27 million | The President | The President | |
| Hungary | Protective Service Of Law Enforcement Agencies | Hungarian |
Act IV of 1978 on the Criminal Code, Chapter XV on Crimes Against the Purity of State Administration, the Administration of Justice and Public Life, Title VII on Crimes Against the Purity of Public Life and Act XIX of 1998 on Criminal Proceedings. |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy and it has been announced in the Government Resolution No. 1037/2007. |
No | Yes | Approximately 1000 cases | Not applicable | 290 | Prevention | There is no separate budget | Minister of Interior | Minister of Interior | |
| Indonesia | Corruption Eradication Commission | Bahasa Indonesia |
Law No 30 2002: Coordination (article 7); Supervision (Article 8); Investigation and Prosecution (Article 11); Prevention (Article 13); Monitoring (Article 14) ;Law no 20/2001 Amendment to Law no. 31/1999 on Corruption Eradication; Law no. 31/1999 Eradication of the Criminal Act of Corruption; and Law no. 28/1999 State Organizer who is Clean and Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, "National Strategies and Action Plans on Corruption Eradication 2010-2025" has just been published. |
Yes | Yes | 3453 complaints in 2009, 3104 investigated; most passed on to other agencies; 157 cases prosecuted throughout KPK existence, 105 successful. | 163 | 650 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting | $35.2 Million | Through transparent selection process the Parliament nominates and the President appoints. | The Parliament | |
| India | Karnataka Lokayukta | English , Hindi , Urdu |
Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 and Money Laundering Act. |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
There is a single anti-corruption Strategy. |
Yes | No | 900 | 60 | 29 | 735 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | The Government | By impeachment in the state assembly/the parliament | |
| Jamaica | Office of the Director of Public Prosecution | English |
Corruption prevention Act, Larceny Act, Contractor General Act, Parliamentary integrity Act, Proceeds of crime Act, whistleblower legislation (in Bill stage), Special Prosecutors Act (in Bill stage), Access of information Act, Government Procurement Guidelines and Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act. |
No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
There is currently a primary Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
No | No | None | 41 | 71 | Prosecution | The Public Service Commission | The Public Service Commission | ||
| Jordan | Anti-Corruption Commission | Arabic |
Anti-Corruption Commission, Anti-Money Laundering Law, Economic Offenses Law, Audit Bureau Law, Ombudsman Bureau Law and Financial Disclosure Law. |
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a primary anti-corruption Strategy-- the “National Anti-Corruption Strategy of ACC 2008-2012”). |
Yes | Yes | 538 complaints-2008 834 complaints-2009 025 complaints -2010 | 28 | 4 prosecutors delegated from the High Judicial Council | 121 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting, Policy | 2.900 Million JD (2010) | The chairman and board members are appointed by a Royal Decree. | The Royal Decree |
| Kenya | Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission | Kiswahili |
Anti-corruption and Economic Crimes ACT, 2003, Public procurement and disposal Act, 2005, Public Officer and Ethics Act, 2003 and Witness Protection Act, 2006. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 400 | 70 | 273 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Forensic, Policy | US $ 24,6 million | The President upon nomination by the Parliament | The President upon nomination by the Tribunal | |
| South Korea | Anti-corruption and Civil Rights Commission | Korean |
The Act on Anti-Corruption and the Establishment and Operation of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, Enforcement Decree of the Act on Anti-Corruption and the Establishment and Operation of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, and The Code of Conduct for Public Officials. |
No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
There is currently a primary Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | Yes | About 200 | About 30 | 3(Mainly providing legal advice) | 465 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US $ 54 million | The President | The President |
| Sri Lanka | Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption | Sinhala |
1954 Bribery Act, 1978 Declaration of Assets and Liabilities Act, and 1994 Act No 19 setting up the Commission. |
Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy—the National Anti-corruption Plan (2007). |
Yes | Yes | About 500 complaints | 80 | 17 | 100 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | 61,606 | The President upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Council. | The Parliament |
| Lesotho | Directorate on Corruption and Economic Offence | English |
Anti-money Laundering Act 1988 and Corruption and Prevention Act 1988. |
Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Currently, there is no specific package of measures to fight against corruption that has been approved. |
Yes | No | 200 | 10 | 2 | 54 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 12,7 million | The Prime Minister | Tribunal |
| Lithuania | Special Investigation Service | Latvian |
Corruption Prevention Law; National Anti-Corruption Programme; Law on and Statute of the Special Investigation Service; Criminal Code; Criminal Procedure Code; Law on Adjustment of Public of Private Interests |
No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Yes, the National Anti-Corruption Programme which includes the Strategy and the Action Plan. |
Yes | No | 255 (in 2011), 235 (in 2010), 229 (in 2009) | 135 persons | N/A | 231 | Prevention, Investigation, Policy | USD 7 million (2012) | The director of the Special Investigation Service is appointed by the President with the consent of the Seimas (Parliament). | The director of the Special Investigation Service is dismissed by the President with the consent of the Seimas (Parliament). |
| Latvia | Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau | Latvian |
Law on Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau, Law on Prevention of Conflict of Interest in Activities of Public Officials, Law on Financing of Political Organizations (parties), On Pre-election Campaign before the Sarema Elections and Elections to the European Parliament, On Pre-election |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
KNAB elaborates and Cabinet of Ministers approves two primary documents of policy planning in the field of anticorruption – National Strategy for Corruption Prevention and Combating and National Programme for Corruption Prevention and Combating. In 2009 government approved Strategy and Programme for four year period 2009 - 2013. |
Yes | Yes | During year 2009 KNAB concluded 16 criminal cases and initiated to start prosecution against 65 individuals, also 14 criminal cases were dismissed, 5 criminal cases were sent to other law enforcement institutions and 5 cases were received from other institutions. Therefore on 1st January of 2010 in KNAB there were 44 ongoing investigations (criminal cases). During 2009 KNAB concluded 222 administrative cases. | 17 | 138 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting, Policy | KNAB‘s budget is not constant, it changes and depends on state revenues and state’s budget. In 2009KNAB’s budget of expenditure was US$ 2 574 468 Million. | Head of KNAB is appointed by the Parliament of Republic of Latvia on five-year term | Parliament of Republic of Latvia has rights to remove head of KNAB | |
| Morocco | Instance centrale de prévention de la corruption | Arabic |
There is a wide range of anti-corruption laws but nothing specific for: Whistleblower and Witness Protection, conflict of interest and the right of access to information. |
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
None. There is an action Plan. |
Yes | No | Not applicable | Not applicable | 23 | Research, Prevention | (US) $ 1,787,472 | The Prime Minister. | No One. | |
| Moldova | Center for Combating Economic Crimes and Corruption | Moldovan |
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Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 1410 | 140 | 543 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US $ 4.27 Million | The Government | The Government | |
| Montenegro | Directorate for Anti-Corruption Initiative | Serbo-Croat |
No specific anti-corruption (AC) law, the AC matters are regulated through a number of laws, to name a few most important: Criminal Code, Law on Public Procurement, Law on Prevention of Conflict of Interest, Law on Financing of Political Parties. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, the Strategy for the Fight against Corruption (2010 – 2014), as the second generation of national anti-corruption strategic documents, along with the pertaining Action Plan (2010- 2012). |
Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Not applicable | 17 | Prevention, Policy | US$ 434,282 (EUR 340,000) | The Government of Montenegro | The Government of Montenegro | |
| Madagascar | Independent Anti-corruption Bureau | French , Malagasy |
Law 2004-030 on flight against corruption. |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 500 | 70 | 185 | Prevention, Investigation | US $ 2 Million | The President | The law prohibits to remove the head before he come to an end of the five years term. | |
| Macedonia | State Commission for Prevention of Corruption | Albanian , Macedonian |
Law on Prevention of Corruption (2002) and Law on Prevention of Conflict of Interests (2007). |
Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
The State Commission for Prevention of Corruption, according to the Law on Prevention of Corruption is competent for coordination of development and for adoption of the national anti-corruption strategy (State Programme for Prevention and Repression of Corruption with Action plan). SCPC up to now has adopted two anti-corruption strategies that refer to the period 2003-2007 and 2007 – 2011. A Government Action Plan for Fighting Corruption covering the period 2007-2011, including budgetary implications, was also adopted in 2007, as a complementary part to the SCPC's State Programme. In addition, SCPC in 2008 adopted the State Programme for Prevention of Conflict of Interests with Action plan (2008-2010). |
Yes | Yes | 500-600 cases | 16 | Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US ($) 350.000 | The members (seven) of SCPC are appointed by the Parliament with tenure of 5 years. The head (president of SCPC) is one of the members, who is elected by members themselves with the tenure of one year. | Parliament has the authority to remove members of SCPC (including the head), within prescribed conditions into the Law on Prevention of Corruption. | ||
| Mongolia | Independent Authority against Corruption | Mongol |
The main anticorruption law is Mongolian law against corruption. This law was adopted on 6th of July, 2006. |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
In 2002, the National Anti-corruption Program was approved by the resolution No. 41 of Parliament. Action plan of the Government of Mongolia for the 2008-2012 also contains anti-corruption strategic measures. In addition, working team consisting both of IAAC leaders and the representatives of public institutions works at government level and implements plans adopted by Prime minister. |
Yes | No | 399 criminal /since Sep 7, 2007. | 23 | 90 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US$ 2,1 Million | According to the Anticorruption Law of Mongolia President nominates Commissioner General and Deputy Commissioner General of IAAC and Parliament appoints them for the 6 years of term. | The commissioner general and the deputy commissioner general can only be removed from their duties in the following cases, by the Parliament: upon his/her own request; for health reasons; and term of mandate expires. | |
| Mauritius | Independent Commission Against Corruption | English |
Prevention of Corruption Act 2002 (PoCA) |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Primary Anticorruption strategy which is clearly spelt out under Section 20 and Section 30 of the Prevention of Corruption Act. |
Yes | Yes | 1300 Complaints Received – Approx 500 pursuable | 69 | Legal Division and 4 from CID | 103 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Forensic | US$ 4.7 Million | Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. | Parliamentary Committee. Set up under section 59 of PoCA which shall compose of 5 members by the Prime Minister and 4 members by the Leader of Opposition. Under Section 23 of PoCA. After charges if any are proven by a person who holds or has held judicial office. |
| Maldives | Anti-Corruption Commission |
Prevention and prohibition of corruption Act 2000, Anti-Corruption commission Act 2008 |
Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Currently there is no Anti-corruption strategy. |
Yes | No | About 100 | 13 | 54 | Prevention, Investigation | US ($) 150,000 | The President of the Country with the approval from the Parliament (members are heads by commission) | Parliament | ||
| Malawi | Anti-Corruption Bureau | English |
Corrupt Practices Act, Penal Code, Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code, Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Act and Public Procurement Act. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Single Strategy but with a three pronged approach i.e. Education, Prevention and Enforcement (Investigations and Prosecutions) |
No | Yes | 1328 | 63 | 34 | 246 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US $ 7.5 Million | The State President with confirmation of the Public Appointments Committee of Parliament. | The State President with confirmation of the Public Appointments Committee of Parliament. |
| Mexico | Procuraduría General de la República | Spanish |
Ley Federal De Responsabilidades Administrativas De Los Servidores Públicos y Codigo Penal Tanto Federal Como Local. |
No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Both. |
Yes | Yes | 600 | 32 | 140 | Prosecution | The appointment is based on obtaining the best results at the court. | The President. | ||
| Mozambique | Central Office for the Fight against Corruption | Portuguese |
Lei 6/2004 de 17 de Junho, Lei 14/2012, de 8 de Fevereiro, Lei 16/2012, de and Código penal. |
No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
No | No | 534(2009), 649 (2010), 677 (2011) | 11 | 11 | 71 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Forensic | US $ 624.550 (2011) | The Attorney General | The Attorney General |
| Namibia | Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) | English |
Anti-Corruption Act No 8 of 2003, Prevention of Organised Crime Act No 29 of 2004, Financial Intelligence Act No 3 of 2007, Tender Board of Namibia Act No 16 of 1996, |
No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Not yet, though the Commission is in the process of developing a National Anti-Corruption Strategy. National Consultative meetings took place already, State Finance Act No. 31 of 1990, International Co-operation in Criminal Matters Act No. 9 of 2000 and Ombudsman Act No. 7 of 1990. |
Yes | Yes | In 2011 a total of 551 reported. | 22 | 50 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Policy | U$ 3.2 million | The National Assembly (Parliament ) | The National Assembly upon recommendation of the Board appointed in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission to inquire into the conduct of the head. | |
| Nigeria | Economic and Financial Crimes Commission | English |
1. Efcc Establishment Act 2004, 2. Independent Corrupt Practices & Other Related Offences Act 2000, 3. Advance Fee Fraud And Other Fraud Offences Related Act 2006, 4. Money Laundering Prohibition Act 2011, 5. Miscellaneous Offences Act, 6. Code Of Conduct Act, 7. Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act, 8. Freedom Of Information Act 2011, 9. Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010, 10. Penal Code. Laws Of Federation Of Nigeria 2004, 11. Criminal Code. Laws Of Federation Of Nigeria 2004. |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 1046 | 96 | 1 077 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | Not fixed | The President, Subject to the Confirmation of the Nigerian Senate. | The President. | |
| Nigeria | Economic and Financial Crimes Commission | English |
1. Efcc Establishment Act 2004, 2. Independent Corrupt Practices & Other Related Offences Act 2000, 3. Advance Fee Fraud And Other Fraud Offences Related Act 2006, 4. Money Laundering Prohibition Act 2011, 5. Miscellaneous Offences Act, 6. Code Of Conduct Act, 7. Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act, 8. Freedom Of Information Act 2011, 9. Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010, 10. Penal Code. Laws Of Federation Of Nigeria 2004, 11. Criminal Code. Laws Of Federation Of Nigeria 2004. |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 1046 | 96 | 1 077 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | Not fixed | The President, Subject to the Confirmation of the Nigerian Senate. | The President. | |
| Nepal | Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority | Nepali |
Anti-corruption Act, Investigation of Abuse of Authority Act, Procurement Act, Money loading Act, Information Act and, Investigative of Abuse of Authority rule and regulation. |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Yes, national anti-corruption strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 4000 | 80 | 20 | 0 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US ($) 1.38 Million | Appointed by the Prime Minister upon the recommendation of the constitutional council. | The chief commissioner and the commissioners may only be removed from their office by way of impeachment motion with a two third majority of the total number of the legislative parliament. |
| Peru | The High Level Commission for Anti-Corruption | Spanish |
|
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption plan. |
Yes | Yes | 7 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Policy | US$ 155,000 | The head of the anti-corruption commission is chosen from the 14 institutions members that comprise. The duration of the management period is 1 year. | The head can be removed by decision of all members. | |||
| Philippines | Ombudsman | English , Filipino |
1987 Constitution and 1989 Ombudsman Act. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
There is an Anti-corruption Plan. |
Yes | Yes | 20,0000 (of all types) | 753 | 320 | 1 073 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | $22.05 Million | The President | Fixed Term, only impeachment by the Legislature |
| Pakistan | National Accountability Bureau | English |
National Accountability Ordinance, Pakistan Penal Code, Prevention of Corruption Act and Anti Money Laundering Act. |
No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Yes, National Anti-corruption Strategy (NACS). |
Yes | No | 600 | 135 | 60 | 1 200 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Policy | (US) $5.8 Million | The President of Pakistan. | Cannot be removed except on the ground of misconduct, like that of removal of Judge of Supreme Court under Article 209 of the constitution. |
| Romania | The National Anticorruption Directorate (DNA) | Romanian |
Government Emergency Ordinance no. 43 from 2002 regarding DNA .Law no. 78 from 2000 on preventing, identifying and sanctioning corruption offences, Romanian Criminal Code, Law no. 144 from 2007 on the establishment, organization and functioning of the National Integrity Agency |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Romanian Government has a single anticorruption strategy for 2012-2015. It was adopted through the Government Decision no. 215 from 2012, which provides the list of the tasks, the indicators of achievement and the action plan. |
Yes | No | 6,615 | 170 | 145 | 500 | Investigation, Prosecution | US ($) 20 million in 2011 | The Chief Prosecutor of DNA is proposed by the Minister of Justice and appointed by the President of the Republic, after the Superior Council of Magistracy gives its opinion on this matter. | The Chief Prosecutor of DNA can be removed by the President of the Republic, at the proposal of the Minister of Justice, after the Superior Council of Magistracy gives its opinion on this matter. |
| Rwanda | Office of the Ombudsman of Rwanda | English , French |
Law 25 of 2003 Establishing the Office of the Ombudsman and Penal Code. |
Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 200 to 300 | 6 (for grand corruption) | 47 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting | US $2.4 million | President with confirmation by Senate | Senate | ||
| Singapore | Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau | English |
Prevention of Corruption Act - http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/ |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Singapore’s anti-corruption strategy focuses on four pillars – i) effective anti-corruption law; ii) effective adjudication to punish and deter those who are prone to corruption; iii) effective administration to reduce opportunities for corruption; and iv)effective enforcement agency. |
Yes | Yes | Data not publicly released | Data not publicly released | 88 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Forensic, Policy | US$ 17.0591 Million (2009), 20.9 Million (2010-- 6.9% of the PMO’s (Prime Minister's Office total operating expenditure) | The President | The President | |
| Slovenia | Commission for the Prevention of Corruption | Slovenian |
Integrity and Prevention of Corruption Act (Official Gazette No69/2011) |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes. There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy, t.i. Resolution on the Prevention of Corruption in the Republic of Slovenia. |
Yes | No | 1237 in 2011 | N/A | 39 | Prevention, Investigation | US$ 2.52 Million | The President of the Republic of Slovenia. | The President (on his/her own motion or on the motion of the Parliament). | |
| Slovak Republic | Bureau of the Fight against Corruption of the Presidium of the Police Force | Serbian , Slovak |
|
No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
There is currently a single Anti-Corruption Strategy, and it is called Strategy of Crime Prevention in the Slovak Republic 2007 – 2010. |
No | Yes | 185 | Investigation, Policy | The agency does not have a separate budget. | The minister of the Interior of the Slovak Republic | The minister of the Interior of the Slovak Republic | |||
| Sierra Leone | Anti-Corruption Commission | English |
The 1991 Constitution of Sierra Leone as amended, the Anti-Corruption Act 2008, the National Public Procurement Act ,2004 and its Regulations of 2006, the Criminal Procedures Act, 1965, the Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2005, the Finance Act, 2009, the Banking Act, 2000, and other Common Law offences relating to financial accountability and Government and Accountability Act 2006. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Yes. National Anti-Corruption Strategy 2008-2013. |
Yes | Yes | Approx. 140 | 35 including intelligence officers | 8 | 161 | Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Forensic, Accounting, Policy | US $ 3,822,000 | The President, subject to parliament’s approval. | The President for reasons of inability to perform the functions of the office of the Commissioner/Deputy Commissioner subject to recommendation by a tribunal and approved by a two-thirds majority in Parliament. |
| Senegal | Commission Nationale de Lutte Contre la Non-Transparence, la Corruption et La Concussion | French |
The Penal Code; Law 2003-35 Of 24 November 2003 Creating The Cnlcc; Procurement Code; Laws On Illicit Enrichment And Law On Money Laundering. |
Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
There is a national anti-corruption plan and a national program of good governance. |
Yes | Yes | An average of 25 complaints received per year. | 10 | N/A | 5 | Research, Prevention, Investigation | US $ 400,000 | The President of the Republic | The President of the Republic |
| SS | South Sudan Anti-Corruption commission | English |
Southern Sudan Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption strategy. |
Yes | No | Average of 98 | 17 | N/A | 134 | Research, Prevention, Investigation | $(US) 6,279,445 | The President with the approval of the National Ligature Assembly. | The President with the approval of the National Ligature Assembly. |
| Swaziland | Swaziland Anti-Corruption Commission | English |
The Prevention of Corruption Act, 2006, The Money laundering Prevention Act, 2001, Serious offences (confiscation of proceeds) Act, 2001, The Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, 2005 and The Suppression of Terrorism Act, 2008. |
Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
There is a clear anti-corruption strategy but a national anti-corruption policy is being developed. |
Yes | Yes | 51 – 249 cases | 11 | N/A | 33 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Forensic | US$ 1.3 Million | The Head of State after recommendations from the Judicial Service Commission. | The Head of State after recommendations from the JSC |
| Togo | National Commission for Fighting Corruption and Economic Crime | French |
A draft anti-corruption law has been elaborated by the anti-corruption commission after two workshops in June and September 2008 and it has been submitted to the Government (minister of Justice) since June 2009. Currently the following laws exist: money laundering law, procurement law and a criminal code. |
No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Currently there is a single Anti-corruption strategy – the National Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
No | Yes | 300 (from 2001 to 2005) | 4 | 9 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting, Policy | US ($) 20,000 (The Minister of Finance cut out budget from $100,000 to $20, 000) | The Government. | The Government. | |
| Tanzania | Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau | Kiswahili(Swahili) |
The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977, Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act, Act No. 11 of 2007 (applies only to mainland Tanzania), The Election Expenses Act, 2010, National Prosecution Service Act, No. 27 of 2008, Penal Decree (Chapter 13 of the Laws of Zanzibar) (applies only to Zanzibar), Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2006, The Judicial Service Act, 2005, Public Leadership Code of Ethics Act, 1995 as amended (9) Proceeds of Crime Act, No. 25 of 1991, Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act, Cap 254 1991, The Criminal Procedure Act, No. 9 of 1985, Elections Act, 1985, Economic and Organized Crime Control Act, No. 13 of 1984, Penal Code 1980, Cap 16, Evidence Act 1980, as amended and Police Force and Auxiliary Forces Act, Cap 322. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Currently, there is no specific package of measures to fight against corruption that has been approved. |
No | Yes | 1,175 | 865 | 1 630 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | 25,262,000 | The President. | The President. | |
| Uganda | The Inspectorate of Government | English |
Constitution of Uganda, 1995, Inspectorate of Government Act No. 5 of 2002, Leadership Code of Conduct act No. 17 of 2002, The Anti Corruption Act No. 6 of 2009, Whistle-blowers Protection Act, 2010 and Penal Code Act, Cap120. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Yes, there is a primary anticorruption strategy. |
Yes | Yes | 2000 | 200 | 15 | 350 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution | US $1.5 million | The President, subject to parliament’s approval. | President on recommendation of Special tribunal constituted by Parliament. |
| KOSOVO | Anti-corruption Agency | Albanian , Serbian |
Law on anti-corruption Agency no. 03/L-159, Law on declaration, origin, control of assets for public senior officials and declaration, origin and control of gifts for all public officials 04/L-050 and Law on prevention of conflict of the interest 04/L-051. |
No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
There is currently a primary Anti-Corruption Strategy. |
Yes | No | 250 | 22 | N/A | 35 | Research, Prevention, Investigation | US $ 639,300 | Parliament | Parliament |
| Yemen | Supreme National Authority for Combating Corruption | Arabic |
Law No. (39) of 2006 on the fight against corruption, Law No. (30) of 2006 on the financial disclosure, Law No. (23) for the year 2007 on public tenders and Auctions, Law No. (47) of 2005 concerning ratification of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), Law No. (35) for the year 2003 on combating Money Laundering, Law no. (4) for the year 2000 on the Local Authority and its amendments, Law No. (6) for the year 1995 on the Impeachment Proceedings and Trail of the Occupant of the Senior Executive Authority (senior officials) in the government, Law No. (12) for the year 1994 on Crimes and Penalties, Law No. (13) for the year 1994 on Criminal Procedure, Law No. (39) for the year 1992 on the Central Organization for Control and Audit (COCA), Law No. (1) for the year 1991 on the Judiciary System, Law No. (19) for the year 1991 on the Civil Service, Law No. (8) for the year 1990 on the Financial Law, Law No. (25) for the year 1990 on the Press and Publications and Presidential Decree, the President of the Supreme Judicial Council (No. 3) for the year 1996 on the Establishment of Courts of Public Funds and determination of their tasks. |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
There is a National Anti-Corruption Strategy (2010 to 2014) that SNACC developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and donors. |
Yes | Yes | 72 in total (in 5 years) | 7 | 140 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Accounting, Policy | (US) $3.34 Million | The parliament and Shura'a Council elect 11 members and then those members elect their head. | No one. According to Anti-Corruption Law, the head or members cannot be removed unless there is an order from the Court. | |
| Serbia | Anti-Corruption Agency | Albanian , Serbian |
Law on Anti-Corruption, Law of free access to information, criminal law and law on public procurement. |
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
A National Strategy for Combating Corruption was adopted in late 2005 and translated into an Action Plan in late 2006. |
Yes | No | 50 | Prevention, Policy | (US) $1.9 Million | The Board appoints the Director of the Agency. The Director is elected by public competition announced by the Board. The public competition is published in the “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia” and at least one public media with state-wide coverage. | The Board dismisses the Director of the Agency. | |||
| Zambia | Anti-Corruption Commission | English |
Zambia recognized the need to fight the scourge of corruption as early as 1979. Thus, the country has developed a number of anti-corruption legislations which include but not limited to: The Anti-Corruption Act No. 3 of 2012 which repealed the 2010 Act. The first one was the Corrupt Practices Act of 1980 repealed by the 1996 Act. The following laws were implemented recently: The Public Interest Disclosure (Protection of Whistle blowers) Act No. 4 of 2010, Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime Act No. 19 of 2010 and Bank of Zambia Anti-money laundering Directives. |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Yes, there is a national anti-corruption policy. |
Yes | Yes | On average 560 | 128 | 20 | 344 | Research, Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution, Policy | US$ 3 million | The president of the Republic of Zambia subject to ratification by National Assembly. | The president may remove the head of ACC subject to a resolution by National Assembly which may recommend for a Tribunal appointed by the Chief Justice to investigate the matter. |
